MOTIVATION

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1.1 DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION

Motivation is an inner drive to behave or act in a certain manner. These inner conditions such as wishes, desires, goals, activate to move in a particular direction in behavior.

Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action, to push the right button to get the desired action.

Motivation – It is an inner state of mind, which channels or directs behavior towards the achievement of pre-determined goals

Source :iDE (2018)

1.2 KEY OBJECTIVE OF MOTIVATION

  • To energize people towards identified goals, results or outcomes.
  • To enable people to achieve more than average or acceptable performance levels.
  • To realize the higher potential of individuals.

1.3 IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF MOTIVATION

  • Motivation ensures better utilization of resources and reduce wastage
  • Motivation will bridge the gap between “capacity to work and the willingness to work”
  • Reduces problems like labor turnover, absenteeism, indiscipline and grievances
  • Improves productivity
  • Improves cooperation and team spirit
  • Improves knowledge and skills among employees
  • Acceptance of organizational change
  • Reduces conflicts and misunderstanding between the employer and the employees

1.4 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MOTIVATION

  • All people are Motivated
  • People do thing for their reasons
  • You cannot motivate people by force – you have to act in a manner for them to get motivated.

1.5 HOW TO IDENTIFY DEMOTIVATION IN AN ORGANIZATION?

  • Increase labor turn over
  • Late attendance and absenteeism
  • Drop in productivity
  • Drop in quality of work out put
  • Interpersonal conflicts
  • Industrial disputes

1.6 MOTIVATION THEORIES

Motivation is a state of mind that is characterized by energy and passion that pushes a person to operate in a specific manner in order to attain desired outcomes. Motivation is a force that drives a person to work with a high level of dedication and focus, especially when the odds are stacked against him. Motivation results in a specific type of human behavior.

It is critical to guarantee that every member of a company's workforce remains motivated. Distinct psychologists have investigated human behavior and structured their findings into various motivation theories. These motivation theories help to explain how individuals act and what motivates them.

The study of motivation is a vast subject. There are numerous incentive theories. The following are some well-known motivation theories:

  1. Hierarchy of Needs theory by Abraham Maslow
  2. Two Factor Theory by Fredrick Herzberg
  3. X and Y Theory by Douglas McGregor
  4. ERG Theory by Clayton Alderfer
  5. Theory of Needs by David Mc Clelland


Hierarchy of Needs theory by Abraham Maslow

When a person's needs are met, according to Abraham Maslow, they will be motivated. The need begins with the most fundamental needs and progresses upward when each lower level need is met. The hierarchy of needs is shown below.

  • Physiological:  Physical survival necessities such as food, water, and shelter.
  • Safety:  Protection from threats, deprivation, and other dangers.
  • Social (belongingness and love):  The need for association, affiliation, friendship, and so on.
  • Self-esteem:  The need for respect and recognition.
  • Self-actualization:  The opportunity for personal development, learning, and fun/creative/challenging work.  Self-actualization is the highest level need  to which a human being can aspire.


Source : Knowledgehut (2021)

Every team member's special needs must be understood by the leader, who must then try to meet those demands.


Two Factor Theory by Fredrick Herzberg

Hertzberg divided the requirements into two groups: hygienic elements and motivating elements.


                                                                                                                   Source : Knowledgehut (2021)

To ensure that an employee is not unsatisfied, hygiene criteria are required. Employee happiness and motivation for improved performance are both dependent on motivator factors. The presence of hygiene variables does not ensure motivation, and motivation factors do not work in the absence of hygiene aspects.


X and Y Theory by Douglas McGregor

Douglas McGregor developed two separate perspectives on human beings based on worker participation. The first, dubbed Theory X, is essentially negative, while the second, dubbed 

Theory Y, is essentially positive. There are persons who are both types of persons. They must be managed in accordance with their nature.

Theory X: Workers are essentially sluggish, self-centered, and lacking in ambition, according to the traditional view of the workforce. As a result, firm, top-down control is an acceptable management style.

Theory Y: This viewpoint asserts that employees are intrinsically motivated and eager to take on more responsibilities. Focusing on providing a productive work environment with positive rewards and reinforcement is a suitable management strategy.


 

                                                                                                                         Source : Slideplayer (2021)


ERG Theory by Clayton Alderfer

While ERG Theory and the Hierarchy of Needs have a lot in common, there are a few key differences.

Clayton Paul Alderfer, an American psychologist, created the model.

What is the ERG Theory of Motivation?

The best way to visualize Erg Theory is in the context of the Hierarchy of Needs as shown below.

 

                                                                                                                          Source : EPM (2018)
  • Existence Needs
  • Relatedness Needs
  • Growth Needs

Existence Needs
The existence group is concerned with providing our basic material existence requirements. They include the items that Maslow considered to be physiological and safety needs.

Relatedness Needs
The second group of needs are those of relatedness-the desire we have for maintaining important interpersonal relationships. These social and status desires require interaction with others if they are to be satisfied, and they align with Maslow’s social needs and the external component of Maslow’s esteem classification.

Growth Needs
Finally, Alderfer isolate growth needs-an intrinsic desire for personal development. These include the intrinsic component from Maslow’s esteem category and the characteristics included under self-actualization

Theory of Needs by David Mc Clelland

McClelland’s theory of needs was developed by David McClelland and his associates. The theory focuses on three needs: Achievement , Power and Affiliation.


 


                                                         Source :Teaching & Learning with 21st Century Technology (2019)

 

Need for Achievement

The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed 

Need for Power 

The need to make other behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise

Need for Affiliation

This desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships


1.7 HOW TO MOTIVATION PEOPLE 

  • Be motivated yourself 
  • Have a dream/vision
  • Select people who are  highly Motivated
  • Treat each person as an individual
  • Set realistic and challenging targets
  • Create a motivating Environment
  • Make progress – remember that progress motivates
  • Provide fair rewards
  • Give Recognition
  • Reinforce relationship



Reference

Marchi C (2019) Achievement motivation theory. Teaching & Learning with 21st Century Technology [online] available at https://sites.google.com/site/learnteachtech/home/learning-theory/achievementmotivationtheory Accessed on May 26, 2021

EPM (2018) ERG theory of motivation. Expert Programme Management [online] available at https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2018/10/erg-theory-of-motivation/ Accessed on May 25, 2021

Fitzgerald B (2021) Theory x – theory y management theory. Slideplayer [online] available at https://slideplayer.com/slide/12397113/  Access on May 25, 2021

iED Team (2018) Motivating your employee. Institute Of Entrepreneurship Development [online] available at https://ied.eu/project-updates/motivating-your-employees/ Accessed on May 26, 2021

Knowledgehut (2021) Motivation theories. Knowledgehut [online] available at https://www.knowledgehut.com/tutorials/project-management/motivation-theories Access on May 25, 2021.


Comments

  1. Human Resource ManagementMay 26, 2021 at 10:31 AM

    Since human resource scarcity is standing on our business front door, time has put substantial importance on leadership to lead the organization teams toward the organizational goals by intrinsically motivating and developing a team with high competency to achieve the organization's competitive advantages.
    As Prof. Peter Ducker suggested in 1957, the knowledge worker makes substantial importance in the millennium. We have struggled to capture and share knowledge among members of the organization to create a better knowledge culture that lies in the hand of leaders.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Saman JayasundaraMay 26, 2021 at 12:24 PM

    There are a number of tools and strategies that you can use to tailor your approach to motivation such as Maslow Hierarchy theory,Expectancy theory,Sirota's three factor theory ,ect.....

    ReplyDelete
  3. Chamil FernandoMay 26, 2021 at 4:07 PM

    You have covered Definition, Concepts and Theories of people motivation in this article. Any one who study this article will be able to gain a broad view on people motivation.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Thusitha WarnakulasooriyaMay 27, 2021 at 11:42 AM

    Motivation is important in almost every aspect of human behavior. When you make a decision, your choice is certainly influenced by your motivational state

    ReplyDelete
  5. GeethikaMay 27, 2021 at 2:22 PM

    Motivation will bridge the gap between “capacity to work and the willingness to work”

    ReplyDelete
  6. SUNETH GAMLATHMay 27, 2021 at 4:18 PM

    Motivation is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals

    ReplyDelete
  7. ChandanaJune 12, 2021 at 8:14 PM

    Employee motivation is critical to a company's success. It's the degree of dedication, desire, and energy that a company's employees bring to their jobs on a daily basis. Without it, businesses suffer from decreased productivity, poorer production, and are more likely to fall short of crucial objectives.

    ReplyDelete
  8. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:17 PM

    This article has described what the motivation is. And there are some strategies to that can be followed to improve motivation on people who really needs it. Overall a good explanation.

    ReplyDelete
  9. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:43 PM

    Informative article. Good Job!!!

    ReplyDelete
  10. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:47 PM

    Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

    ReplyDelete
  11. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:48 PM

    Motivation involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior.

    ReplyDelete
  12. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:48 PM

    Motivation is a pathway to change our way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

    ReplyDelete
  13. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:49 PM

    Without motivation, you can't achieve anything.

    ReplyDelete
  14. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:49 PM

    To steward your purpose well, you have to be motivated to work towards your goals which helps your dreams become a reality.

    ReplyDelete
  15. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:50 PM

    When you're unable to tap into the motivation you need to succeed, it might be because whatever thing you want to get motivated for is too vague.

    ReplyDelete
  16. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:51 PM

    Motivation refers to how driven and happy an employee is in their role. If an employee is motivated, they are more likely to do a good job and work hard.

    ReplyDelete
  17. UnknownJune 12, 2021 at 10:51 PM

    Motivation is very important for attracting employees, retaining employees and general levels of productivity in a business.

    ReplyDelete

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